This is a question for a landman. How do you determine who is the owner of mineral rights when there have not been any successions done on a tract for several generations and the property taxes are still in the name of a deceased person? Do you just go by the address the taxes are sent to and assume that this person is a legitimate heir in some form to the property or do they have to provide some proof of relationship to the person whose name is on the taxes? In the case of a widow, again with no succession, do you find out if the property was a community asset or if it belonged to the late husband prior to the marriage (I think this would affect who would be the owner)? Or do you just not lease the property? Or do you lease from whomever says they have some degree of ownership of the property and then worry about it if a problem develops later (that "no warranty" clause)? I am just curious about how much time is required digging through courthouse records since there is a good deal of money changing hands on even a small tract these days.

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In order to lease under the circumstances you described, I would have to develop an heirship affidavit back to the original owner. I would do this by asking questions of the current owners, digging through public records and researching geneaology sources such as Ancestry.com,etc. Then you bring the heirship information forward to the present day. Based upon the information I developed, I would then calculate the interests of the current owners and contact them for leases. Eventually before payment of royalty is made, an attorney will review the heirship and may make some curative requirments to either prove my assumptions or challenge them. As for time involved, it depends on how complex the family history is and how hard it is to find information. Sometimes people don't tell the truth in order to eliminate a family member they don't like or in an attempt to increase their interest by cutting someone else out. In the past, larger tracts that were paid large amounts were closely examined, because my name and my neck were on the line if I was wrong. In this business mistakes are not tolerated. If you can't get an heirship right, you won't be working very long.
Thank you both for your replies.

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