US gas market expected to tighten in 2026

• 25/05/20  argusmedia.com

US natural gas producers and analysts are forecasting a tighter market in 2026 than previously expected because of rising LNG exports, a slowdown in crude production and a reluctance on the part of gas-focused producers to ramp up supply.

The market has already tightened this year as cold winter weather balanced the previously oversupplied domestic market and Venture Global's Plaquemines LNG terminal ramped up faster than expected. Nymex gas delivery for 2026 at the US benchmark Henry Hub settled Tuesday at $4.30/mmBtu, up from $3.91/mmBtu at the start of the year.

US LNG exports are expected to rise by 19pc to 14.2 Bcf/d this year, followed by a 15pc increase to 16.4 Bcf/d in 2026, the US Energy Information Administration forecasts.

Meanwhile, tariff-induced economic uncertainty and plans by Opec+ to boost supply have lowered crude prices this year, which will probably throttle growth in the Permian basin, a prolific US oil field in west Texas and southeast New Mexico that accounted for 22pc of US gas supply in 2024. US onshore crude production has likely peaked as activity slows in response to the recent decline in oil prices, Diamondback Energy chief executive officer Travis Stice said earlier this month.

US producer Antero Resources this week forecast a 5.5 Bcf/d supply growth shortfall from 2025-26 as producers fail to keep up with booming LNG exports, pipeline sales to Mexico and rising gas-fired power demand.

Producers have so far been reluctant to ramp up activity in the Haynesville shale basin of east Texas and northwest Louisiana, the major marginal gas supplier to the US market and a key supplier to the coming wave of new US LNG export terminals, all of which are sited in Texas and Louisiana. Producers' hesitation might be linked to past experience, when they ramped up output for new LNG terminals only for those terminals' in-service dates to get pushed back, contributing to an oversupplied market that depressed prices. Haynesville operators' lack of response to higher gas prices in the first quarter of this year led analyst group Enverus to raise its 2026-30 US gas price forecast to $4/mmBtu.

Some producers, including EQT, the second-largest US gas producer by volume, are holding off on locking in the elevated prices for 2026 production with financial derivatives, in part because they want exposure to the possibility of even higher prices. Those producers are "playing a little bit of a dangerous game", according to FactSet senior energy analyst Connor McLean. If a mild summer or delayed LNG terminal start-ups reverse expectations of a tighter market, producers might enter a weaker market in 2026 having "missed their chance" at more opportunistic hedges, McLean said.

US LNG out the window

Tudor Pickering Holt last week raised its "2026 base case forecast" for US gas prices from $4/mmBtu to $5/mmBtu. The Houston-based investment bank expects the US gas market to shift to a state of "material undersupply" in 2026, potentially pushing domestic prices so high that the price of producing LNG from US gas would exceed prevailing global LNG prices. Aside from short-term price spikes caused by storms or maintenance events, this would be the first instance of the US gas-to-global LNG price "arbitrage window" closing since pandemic-induced demand destruction caused more than 175 US LNG cargoes to be cancelled from April-November 2020, according to consultancy McKinsey.

Energy Aspects head of North American gas David Seduski said he would not rule out the possibility of high US gas prices reducing exports, but that is not his "base case". According to Seduski, Europe is "in such desperate need of gas" that in the absence of some geopolitical development that boosts Russian gas sales to Europe, high US gas prices would probably just spur higher European gas prices and keep US sales to the continent profitable.

Henry Hub prices would probably have to exceed $7/mmBtu given current global gas prices for US LNG cargoes to start being cancelled, FactSet's McLean said.