Bloomberg
By Simon Lomax
June 20 (Bloomberg) -- A proposed “cap-and-trade” law to cut U.S. greenhouse gas emissions would cost $22 billion a year by 2020, or $175 for every household, the Congressional Budget Office said.
The legislation, which the U.S. House may vote on as early as next week, softens the impact on consumers by giving some industries free carbon dioxide permits, also called allowances, and selling others at auction to raise money for tax relief, CBO said.
Without these measures, the price tag would be $110 billion a year, or $890 per household, CBO said in an analysis prepared for Representative Dave Camp, the Michigan lawmaker who leads the Republicans on the House Ways and Means Committee.
“Higher costs would stem from the fact that most economic activity is based on fossil fuels” that produce greenhouse gases when burned, the CBO analysis said. “In most cases, the firms required to hold the allowances would not bear that cost; rather, they would pass it onto their customers in the form of higher prices.”
Under cap-and-trade, the federal government would put a limit on greenhouse gases from most sectors of the U.S. economy. The cap would be divided into billions of permits, each carrying the right to emit the equivalent of one metric ton of carbon dioxide. Regulated firms would have to acquire enough permits to cover their greenhouse gas emissions and surrender them to the Environmental Protection Agency. Before being surrendered to EPA, the allowances could be bought and sold in a market similar to the emissions-trading system operating in Europe since 2005.
Emissions Limits
By cutting back the supply of these permits each year, the cap-and-trade legislation written by House Democrats Henry Waxman of California and Ed Markey of Massachusetts would by 2020 lower the limit on greenhouse gases to 17 percent less than 2005 levels.
CBO’s analysis of the Waxman-Markey bill was released as Democrats work to resolve a dispute over the bill’s economic impact on U.S. farmers. House Agriculture Committee Chairman Collin Peterson of Minnesota and other Democrats from farm states want changes to the legislation, including more free allowances to non-profit utilities that serve rural parts of the country, before they will support Waxman’s plan to bring the bill to a vote in the 435-member House next week.
In its analysis, CBO said the market value of the cap-and- trade allowances in 2020 would be $91.4 billion, or $28 for each permit.
“The ultimate effects of the cap-and-trade program on U.S. households would depend crucially on policy makers’ decisions about how to allocate that value,” CBO said.
The Waxman-Markey bill would cost the richest U.S. households $240 a year, and the poorest would see a benefit of $40 a year, CBO said.