Planet-warming pollution is growing at the fastest rate in history, scientists say
Most of the growth comes from people burning coal, oil and gas, the report said.
By Sarah Kaplan October 28, 2024 washingtonpost.com
Planet-warming pollution in Earth’s atmosphere last year hit the highest levels in human history, scientists announced Monday — a worrying indicator of the world’s failure to curb climate change as global temperatures are on track to hit yet another record high.
Concentrations of carbon dioxide — the most important driver of global warming — are now growing faster than at any time since our species evolved, according to the World Meteorological Organization’s annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin. The increase can be traced back to stubbornly high rates of fossil fuel consumption, the report said, as well as ecosystems that are becoming more likely to produce emissions and potentially less capable of absorbing excess carbon.
Levels of the potent greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide also hit all-time highs in 2023, the WMO said. The total heat-trapping potential of the atmosphere is now 51.5 percent higher than in 1990, when United Nations scientists first warned the world was on track for catastrophic climate change.
“This should set alarm bells ringing among decision makers,” WMO Secretary General Celeste Saulo said in a statement. “Every part per million and every fraction of a degree temperature increase has a real impact on our lives and our planet.”
For the past 14 months, global temperatures have been at least 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) higher than preindustrial levels, according to Europe’s top climate agency. In a report last week, U.N. researchers said nations must cut greenhouse house emissions to 42 percent below 2019 levels to avoid permanently exceeding that threshold and triggering the most dangerous consequences of global warming.
But Monday’s Greenhouse Gas Bulletin shows the world is nowhere near achieving that target.
Drawing on data from hundreds of measurement stations spread across more than 80 countries and all the world’s ocean basins, the report found that atmospheric levels of heat-trapping gases have grown at an accelerating rate in the past decade.
The concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere last year exceeded 420 parts per million — a level not seen since the Pliocene Epoch more than 3 million years ago. At that time, global temperatures were 2 to 3 degrees Celsius (3.6 to 5.4 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer, sea levels were 30 to 60 feet higher, and Homo sapiens did not yet exist.
Most of the recent growth comes from people burning coal, oil and gas, the report said. But the WMO researchers also found worrying evidence that human-driven warming has caused natural systems to release more greenhouse gases and may be hurting the Earth’s ability to absorb what people emit.
The hike in carbon dioxide concentrations last year coincided with the largest-observed spike in carbon monoxide — a related gas that is produced when trees burn, the scientists said. Global carbon emissions from forest fires were 16 percent above average during the 2023-2024 fire season, as Australia endured a historic drought and Canada saw a record 37 million acres of forest go up in flames.
Surging levels of methane may also be traced to degraded ecosystems, data suggests. Chemical analysis of the gas, which traps 28 times more heat than carbon dioxide over a 100-year time frame, suggests that it is increasingly coming from microbial activity, rather than fossil fuel burning. Though some of that increase can be attributed to bacteria living in landfills and the guts of cows, researchers worry it is also being produced by warming tropical wetlands and thawing Arctic permafrost.
Meanwhile, the net amount of carbon taken up by ecosystems last year was about 28 percent lower than in 2021 and 2022, according to data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Global Monitoring Laboratory. This decline may be in part because of 2023’s record-high temperatures, which are known to stress plants and cut into ecosystems’ ability to serve as a carbon sink.
The more the world continues to warm, the researchers said, the more natural carbon sinks will weaken, and the harder it will be to achieve the world’s climate goals.
“We face a potential vicious cycle,” WMO Deputy Secretary General Ko Barrett said in a statement. “These climate feedbacks are critical concerns to human society.”
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It is disappointing that this article does not point fingers. The US and Europe have substantially reduced our emissions. China and India are dramatically higher. I don’t think that there is anything that the US or Europe can do to convince those two nations to make a better effort to reduce emissions. They are both building new coal-fired power plants like nobody’s business (pun intended).
We don't need to do less because other countries are not doing what we wish. Criticism is warranted but a waste of time. We must do what we control and put pressure on others but understand that we have limited influence. Although China may be building more fossil fuel plants, they are fast moving to EVs and that is significant. If we must point fingers, we need to start with ourselves.
not criticizing, just pointing out reality. and not suggesting we do less.
oh, and where do those EV’s in Chine get their power to charge up? Here would be an interesting study - total emissions from one of two test beds. Combustion engine vehicles burning gasoline (total life cycle, drilling, refining, burning) versus EV’s getting their power from coal powered plants (mining, shipping, burning, disposal of waste). This just popped into my mind - I have no idea what the comparison would be. Maybe someone has already done this study.
I’m certain that global climate change is real, and human activity is a main driving force. Too many people treat this as a “I’m keeping my yard mowed and neat, so I feel good”. There’s only one atmosphere, and we all share it. The US and Europe can not do enough to offset the activity of China and India. If that seems fatalistic, so be it.
I understand. I think that both India and China will be increasing their efforts to mitigate GHG and methane emissions as more climate catastrophes visit their citizens. As a major emitter, the US needs to chart our own path and ramp up our efforts. Measures to capture and sequester carbon are technologies with unknown effectiveness. We need to focus intently on emissions and methane is the best place to start.
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